This is one value that shows the size of the engine, expressed in liters or cc. Generally, if this number is large, the engine itself is large and has a large output.
Number of cylinders
It is common for small vehicles to have 4 cylinders. 3 liter engines tend to have 6 or more cylinders.
Bore x stroke
This shows the cylinder diameter (bore) and the distance the piston can move (stroke). It is expressed in mm.
This shows the cylinder diameter (bore) and the distance the piston can move (stroke). It is expressed in mm.
Maximum output
This shows the maximum output an engine is capable of. The output (kW) and the engine speed (RPM) that generates output are expressed together. Horsepower, PS is also sometimes included.
Maximum Torque
This shows the maximum torque an engine is capable of generating.
The torque (Nm) and the engine speed (RPM) which generates the required torque are expressed together. Torque (kgf/m) is also sometimes included.
Torque
Torque is a force that attempts to rotate around an axis.
For example, when tightening a bolt with a wrench, the rotational force applied to the bolt is the torque.
The strength of the force applied and the distance from the fulcrum to the point where the force is applied affects the torque. Therefore, even if applying the same amount of force, torque will increase if the distance between the fulcrum and the point where the force is being applied is increased and torque will decrease if the distance is shortened.
For engines, the torque expressed (Nm) is for a distance of 1 m. In the case of engines, this indicates how much force the crankshaft is rotating with using the power applied to the piston.
Engine output is expressed in kW.
As an example, let's imagine the different amounts of luggage the strong Mr. A and the weak Mr. B can carry. Because Mr. A is strong, he can carry two bags at a time. Mr. B isn't very strong, but he is fast, so he can only carry one bag at a time, but he can make two trips in the time it takes Mr. A to make one. This means that the amount of luggage each man can carry within a fixed amount of time is the same.
As an example, let's imagine the different amounts of luggage the strong Mr. A and the weak Mr. B can carry. Because Mr. A is strong, he can carry two bags at a time. Mr. B isn't very strong, but he is fast, so he can only carry one bag at a time, but he can make two trips in the time it takes Mr. A to make one. This means that the amount of luggage each man can carry within a fixed amount of time is the same.
In this example, the amount of luggage that can be carried at one time is the engine torque (strength of the output force) and the number of bags that can be carried over a fixed period of time is the output (torque x revolutions). So in this, Mr. A and Mr. B have different torques, but their output is the same.
Output is also called "work rate". It's easy to understand if thinking about it in the terms of how many bags Mr. A and Mr. B carried (how much work they each did).