June 09, 2025

How the cooling system works

The engine becomes extremely hot during the combustion stroke. It is therefore necessary to keep the engine at an appropriate temperature (80 to 90 deg celcius with coolant temperature), so that the parts making up the engine do not become deformed by the heat, causing a serious malfunction.

Coolant temperature gauge
This is a gauge which measures the temperature of the coolant circulating inside the engine using a sensor, and informs the driver.
There are types where the light is blue if the engine coolant temperature is lower than it should be, and types where the light is red if it is higher than it should be.

Water pump
This is a pump that forcibly circulates coolant in the coolant circulation path. It is driven by the transmission of the crankshaft rotation through the belt and pulley.

Radiator
The radiator cools the coolant and it is composed of a radiator core, upper tank and lower tank. Coolant that has increased in temperature due to passing through the water jacket (a water channel set in the cylinder block and cylinder head) is sent to the radiator core, cooled, and then sent to the water jacket once again by the water pump.

Cooling fan
The radiator core is a mechanism that cools the coolant, using air sucked in by the cooling fan and the wind that enters from the vehicle being in motion.
Cooling fans are generally either the electric type which operates detecting the temperature of the coolant or a type that is driven by rotation from the crankshaft pulley and transmitted by the belt.

Reservoir tank
As the temperature of the coolant increases the volume of the coolant expands, overflowing from inside the radiator. The reservoir tank contains that overflowing coolant.
As the temperature of the coolant decreases, the coolant sent to the reservoir tank returns to the radiator, preventing the unnecessary outflow of coolant.

Thermostat
This is a device that adjusts the coolant temperature. The thermostat is located in the coolant path between the radiator and the engine and when the coolant in the engine is cold it stops coolant circulation to the radiator to prevent the engine from becoming too cold. Conversely, when the coolant temperature increases the coolant path is opened, sending coolant to the radiator and cooling the engine.